Method of Customizing Stability in Articles of Footwear

ABSTRACT

The disclosed method provides a way to manufacture a style of an article of footwear in bulk, while providing customization for heel stability for individual customers. Moreover, the disclosed method provides a way to customize articles of footwear for a customer on an ongoing basis, such that the heel stability of the articles of footwear is refined until a tailored fit is achieved for the same customer. Generally, the method may include providing a user/customer with an article of footwear, getting evaluation information about the stability of the article of footwear from a survey (e.g., asking the user to rate the stability of the article of footwear in a smartphone app), modifying the next article of footwear provided to the user/customer according to the evaluation information, and iterating through this process to give the user an article optimized for stability.

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/055,086 filed Feb. 26, 2016 and entitled “Method of CustomizingStability in Articles of Footwear.” U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/055,086 is entirely incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present embodiments relate generally to a method of customizing anarticle of footwear, and, in particular, to a method of customizing anarticle of footwear to have a specified heel stiffness profile.

Articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upperand a sole member. The upper is often formed from a plurality ofmaterial elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheet layers, foam layers,leather, and synthetic leather) that are stitched or adhesively bondedtogether to form a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortablyand securely receiving a foot. More particularly, the upper forms astructure that extends over the instep and toe areas of the foot, alongmedial and lateral sides of the foot, and around a heel area of thefoot. The upper may also incorporate a lacing system to adjust the fitof the footwear, as well as permitting entry and removal of the footfrom the void within the upper. In addition, the upper may include atongue that extends under the lacing system to enhance adjustability andcomfort of the footwear, and the upper may incorporate a heel counter.

The sole member is secured to a lower portion of the upper so as to bepositioned between the foot and the ground. In athletic footwear, forexample, the sole member includes a midsole and an outsole.

Articles of footwear are usually manufactured in bulk and are soldwithout customization. For example, articles of footwear are typicallysold with only one option for heel stiffness.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method of customizing anarticle of footwear. The method may include a step of manufacturing afirst article of footwear having a first sole structure with a forefootregion, a heel region opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot regiondisposed between the forefoot region and the heel region. The firstarticle of footwear may have a first heel stiffness profile. The methodmay include a step of providing the first article of footwear to acustomer. The method may include a step of providing an evaluationsystem to the customer. The method may include a step of receiving acustomer evaluation of heel stability of the first article of footwear.The method may include a step of manufacturing a second article offootwear having a second sole structure with a forefoot region, a heelregion opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot region disposedbetween the forefoot region and the heel region. The method may includea step of adjusting the second sole structure of the second article offootwear to have a second heel stiffness profile that is different fromthe first heel stiffness profile. The method may include a step ofproviding the second article of footwear to the customer.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method of customizing anarticle of footwear. The method may include a step of manufacturing afirst article of footwear having a first sole structure with a forefootregion, a heel region opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot regiondisposed between the forefoot region and the heel region, wherein thefirst article of footwear has a first heel stiffness profile. The methodmay include a step of providing the first article of footwear to acustomer. The method may include a step of providing an evaluationsystem to the customer. The method may include a step of receiving afirst customer evaluation of heel stability of the first article offootwear. The method may include a step of manufacturing a secondarticle of footwear having a second sole structure with a forefootregion, a heel region opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot regiondisposed between the forefoot region and the heel region. The method mayinclude a step of using the first customer evaluation of heel stabilityto determine a second heel stiffness profile for the second solestructure, wherein the second heel stiffness profile is different fromthe first heel stiffness profile. The method may include a step ofadjusting the second sole structure of the second article of footwear tohave the second heel stiffness profile. The method may include a step ofproviding the second article of footwear to the customer.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method of customizing anarticle of footwear. The method may include a step of manufacturing afirst article of footwear having a first sole structure with a forefootregion, a heel region opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot regiondisposed between the forefoot region and the heel region, wherein thefirst article of footwear has a first heel stiffness profile. The methodmay include a step of providing the first article of footwear to acustomer. The method may include a step of providing an evaluationsystem to the customer. The method may include a step of receiving acustomer evaluation of heel stability of the first article of footwear.The method may include a step of manufacturing a second article offootwear having a second sole structure with a forefoot region, a heelregion opposite the forefoot region, a midfoot region disposed betweenthe forefoot region and the heel region, wherein the second solestructure has an outer surface with an upper surface, a lower surface,and a sidewall. The method may include a step of removing material fromthe outer surface of the second sole structure of the second article offootwear to have a second heel stiffness profile that is different fromthe first heel stiffness profile. The method may include a step ofproviding the second article of footwear to the customer.

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the invention willbe, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art uponexamination of the following figures and detailed description. It isintended that all such additional systems, methods, features, andadvantages be included within this description and this summary, bewithin the scope of the invention, and be protected by the followingclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be better understood with reference to the followingdrawings and description. The components in the figures are notnecessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustratingthe principles of the invention. Moreover, in the figures, likereference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout thedifferent views.

FIG. 1 shows the purchase history of a customer, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 2 shows a method of customizing an article of footwear, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 3 shows a salesman providing a first article of footwear to acustomer;

FIG. 4 shows the customer running in the first article of footwear fromthe embodiment of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows the customer rating the first article of footwear;

FIG. 6 shows a configuration of communication equipment;

FIG. 7 shows a factory worker viewing a customer's evaluationinformation and selecting a midsole;

FIG. 8 shows the midsole selected in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 shows the factory worker from FIG. 7 preparing a drilling machineto drill into a surface of the selected midsole from FIGS. 7 and 8;

FIG. 10 shows drills drilling apertures into the selected midsole formFIGS. 7 and 8;

FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of a second article of footwear,incorporating the modified midsole shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 shows the second article of footwear in its assembled state;

FIG. 13 shows the modified midsole shown in FIG. 10 responding to aforce applied by a wearer's heel;

FIG. 14 shows the customer receiving the second article of footwear;

FIG. 15 shows an alternative embodiment of a modified midsole, includingan isometric view and a zoomed in cross-sectional view;

FIG. 16 shows an alternative embodiment of a modified midsole, includingan isometric view and a zoomed in cross-sectional view;

FIG. 17 shows an alternative embodiment of a modified midsole, includingan isometric view and a zoomed in cross-sectional view;

FIG. 18 shows a maximum firmness midsole responding to a force appliedby a wearer's heel;

FIG. 19 shows the midsole shown in FIG. 16 responding to a force appliedby a wearer's heel;

FIG. 20 shows the midsole shown in FIG. 17 responding to a force appliedby a wearer's heel;

FIG. 21 shows an alternative embodiment of a customer evaluation system;

FIG. 22 shows an alternative embodiment of a modified midsole, includingan isometric view and a zoomed in cross-sectional view;

FIG. 23 shows a bottom view of the modified midsole of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 shows a lateral side view of the modified midsole of FIG. 22;

FIG. 25 shows a rear view of the modified midsole of FIG. 22; and

FIG. 26 shows lasers cutting a groove into the modified midsole of FIG.22.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Articles of footwear are conventionally manufactured in bulk and thensold without customization. Accordingly, a single style of an article offootwear typically comes with only one option for heel stability. Thedisclosed method provides a way to manufacture a style of an article offootwear in bulk, while providing customization for heel stability forindividual customers. Moreover, the disclosed method provides a way tocustomize articles of footwear for a customer on an ongoing basis, suchthat the heel stability of the articles of footwear is refined until atailored fit is achieved for the same customer.

For clarity, the term “customer” may be used interchangeably with “user”herein, as the term “customer,” for the purposes of this disclosure, isnot limited to a person purchasing a product. A “customer” may also be auser receiving an article of footwear free of charge. Similarly, theterm “purchase history,” as used herein, may include certain informationabout the history of a user receiving one or more articles of footwearin exchange for currency or free of charge.

The disclosed method includes an iterative process of using customerfeedback to customize the stability of an article of footwear. Indifferent embodiments, the article of footwear may be any type ofarticle of footwear including, but not limited to, a running shoe, shoewith cleats, boot, slip-on shoe, high-top shoe, low-top shoe, or bootie,as well as other types of footwear. For example, the articles offootwear shown in the drawings may be running shoes.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a customer's purchase history that may becollected, stored, and used to customize an article of footwear. FIG. 2illustrates a method of customizing an article of footwear, according toan embodiment. The method may also be considered a “customizationcycle.” Generally, the method may include providing a user/customer withan article of footwear, getting evaluation information about thestability of the article of footwear from a survey (e.g., asking theuser to rate the stability of the article of footwear in a smartphoneapp), modifying the next article of footwear provided to theuser/customer according to the evaluation information, and iteratingthrough this process to give the user an article optimized forstability. In FIG. 2, the steps discussed may be steps taken by amanufacturer, retailer, or other party. As used herein, a manufacturermay be any party that sells or otherwise provides articles to customersand which receives feedback (directly or indirectly) about the articles.It may be understood that steps of manufacturing could take place at afactory and/or at a retail facility (a store, kiosk, etc.). In someembodiments, a manufacturer may supply the raw parts and materials formanufacturing the articles. In other embodiments, a manufacturer may beprovided with some prefabricated components that are then assembled(e.g., in a permanent manner) to form a final article.

It is clear that method/customization cycle 200 is cyclical so that eachstep can occur multiple times over the lifetime of thecustomer-manufacturer (or customer-proprietor) relationship. Inparticular, and as discussed in further detail below, such a cycleprovides for iterating customizable features in footwear until the pointwhere a given customized feature has been deemed ideal, or close enoughwithin some tolerance, for a user or customer. In other words, the cyclecould be repeated 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and up to N times, where Nis any number. Moreover, the process repeated N times provides a user orcustomer with N or N+1 different pairs of footwear.

Although the embodiments discuss a method conducted by a manufacturer,in other embodiments the customization method described herein may morebroadly be operated or conducted by a proprietor (or proprietors). Aproprietor may include one or more factories, multiple offices,retailers and various other establishments associated with a business.Generally, the term “proprietor,” as used here, may also refer todistributors and/or suppliers. In other words, the term proprietor mayalso apply to various operations on the manufacturing side, includingthe operations responsible for parts, labor, and/or retail of thearticle of footwear, as well as other manufacturing side operations.

Embodiments may include one or more of the methods, processes,structures, features and/or systems disclosed in: (a) Cook et al., U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/055,113, filed Feb. 26, 2016, and titled“Method of Customizing Heel Cushioning in Articles of Footwear;” (b)Cook et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/055,129, filed Feb. 26,2016, and titled “Method of Customizing Forefoot Cushioning in Articlesof Footwear;” and (c) Cook et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/055,016, filed Feb. 26, 2016, and titled “Method of CustomizingArticles of Footwear;” all of these applications are hereby incorporatedby reference in their entirety.

The embodiments described herein may also include or refer totechniques, concepts, features, elements, methods, and/or componentsfrom: (a) Kohatsu et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,758,filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article of Footwear Comprising a Sole Memberwith Apertures,” (b) Kohatsu et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/722,826, filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article of Footwear Comprising aSole Member with Geometric Patterns,” (c) Kohatsu et al., U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/722,740, filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article ofFootwear Comprising a Sole Member with Regional Patterns,” and (d)Kohatsu et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/722,782, filed May27, 2015, titled “Article of Footwear Comprising a Sole Member withAperture Patterns,” the entirety of each application being hereinincorporated by reference.

FIG. 1 shows a computer monitor 100 having a screen 102, displaying apurchase history of a customer, according to an embodiment. Thispurchase history may be recorded at the time of purchases made by thecustomer. In some embodiments, the purchase history may show thecustomer's identification information. For example, as shown in FIG. 1,the purchase history may show a customer's identification information104 as an identification number. The term “customer identificationinformation” refers to any information that can be used to track acustomer's purchases (and/or other information) over time. Thisinformation could include name, address, and/or other identifyinginformation.

In some embodiments, the purchase history may show purchase data forindividual purchases. For example, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG.1, the purchase history may show first purchase data 106, secondpurchase data 108, and third purchase data 110. The example in FIG. 1shows each set of purchase data showing the purchase date, which mayinclude the date upon which the purchase was made. First purchase data106 shows that the first purchase was made in April of 2014. Secondpurchase data 108 shows that the second purchase was made in December of2014. Third purchase data 110 shows that the third purchase was made inMay of 2015. In some embodiments, the purchase history may show thestyle of an article of footwear purchased. For example, first purchasedata 106, second purchase data 108, and third purchase data 110 may showthat the same style of an article of footwear (style XXXX) was purchasedthree times in a row. This data may help show which style is beingcompared with another, which may be a factor considered when determiningthe type of sole structure to recommend to the customer for the nextpurchase.

In some embodiments, the purchase history may show the type of solestructure provided by the article of footwear. For example, firstpurchase data 106 may show a “maximum firmness” midsole, second purchasedata 108 may show a “maximum lateral cushioning” midsole, and thirdpurchase data 110 may show a “medium lateral cushioning” midsole. Thetype of sole structure provided by each article of footwear may be afactor considered when determining the type of sole structure torecommend to the customer for the next purchase.

In some embodiments, the purchase history may show customer evaluationsof particular sole structures, which may be a factor considered whendetermining the type of sole structure to recommend to the customer forthe next purchase. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, first purchase data106 may show a customer evaluation of the stability of the maximumfirmness midsole. Similarly, second purchase data 108 may show acustomer evaluation of the stability of a maximum lateral firmnessmidsole and third purchase data 110 may show a customer evaluation ofthe stability of a medium lateral cushioning midsole. The way that thecustomer's evaluations are used to customize an article of footwear forthe same customer is described in more detail with respect to FIG. 2below.

As previously mentioned, FIG. 2 illustrates a method of customizing anarticle of footwear, according to an embodiment. In some embodiments, asshown in FIG. 2, the method may include a step 202, which is a step ofmanufacturing a first article of footwear having a first sole structureand a first heel stiffness profile. The first article of footwear mayhave a toe region, a heel region opposite the toe region, and a midfootregion disposed between the toe region and the heel region. The firstarticle of footwear may have a medial side and a lateral side oppositethe medial side. In some embodiments, first sole structure may include asingle layered sole structure or, as shown in the drawings, an articleof footwear having multiple layers, including a midsole, outsole, and/orinsole. For example, FIG. 4 shows an article of footwear 304 having asole structure with a midsole 408 and an outsole 410 (see zoomed in view418). The first article of footwear may include other features, such asan upper. For example, FIG. 4 shows an article of footwear 304 having anupper 406.

The material selected for the sole structure of the first article offootwear, as well as the sole structure of any subsequent articles offootwear (e.g., the second article of footwear) may possess sufficientdurability to withstand the repetitive compressive and bending forcesthat are generated during running or other athletic activities. In someembodiments, the material(s) may include foams; polymers such asurethane or nylon; resins; metals such as aluminum, titanium, stainlesssteel, or lightweight alloys; or composite materials that combine carbonor glass fibers with a polymer material, ABS plastics, PLA, glass-filledpolyamides, stereolithography materials (epoxy resins), silver,titanium, steel, wax, photopolymers, and polycarbonate. The solestructure may also be formed from a single material or a combination ofdifferent materials. For example, one side of a sole structure may beformed from a polymer whereas the opposing side may be formed from afoam material. In addition, specific regions may be formed fromdifferent materials depending upon the anticipated forces experienced byeach region.

First heel stiffness profile may include any type of heel stiffnessprofile. Assigning a heel stiffness profile to the article of footwearmay provide a starting point for gathering data about the customer. Asexplained below with respect to further steps, the customer will try outthe first article of footwear and provide feedback that is used toprepare the next article of footwear to the customer. In someembodiments, including the example used in the drawings, the firstarticle of footwear may include a maximum firmness profile. In such anembodiment, the sole structure may include a solid block of material.For example, FIG. 8 shows an example of a midsole that is a solid blockof material. By starting with a solid block of material, the solestructure may be at maximum firmness, and may be adjusted to be morecompressible in certain regions by removing material in such regions.Removing material, or subtractive manufacturing, may be used in targetedregions to enhance stability, since stability is provided (at least inpart) by differences in the compressibility of the sole structurebetween the lateral and medial sides. As discussed in more detail withrespect to FIGS. 9-10, 13, and 26 below, removing material (e.g.,drilling or lasering horizontal apertures or grooves through the lateralsides) may create zones that compress more easily and thus change thestability of the sole structure, and thus the article of footwear.

In some embodiments, the sole structure of the first article of footwearmay start with a heel stiffness profile selected by the customer. Forexample, a customer may already know that he or she over-pronates.Accordingly, the customer may want to first try a sole structure havinga heel stiffness profile adjusted to enhance stability for a wearer whoover-pronates. Such a sole structure may cause the ground reactionforces to be more concentrated in the medial side of a foot than alongthe lateral side of a foot, thereby reducing the probability that thefoot will over-pronate. For example, as discussed in more detail below,FIG. 13 shows a midsole 1104 that is modified to compensate for a wearerwho over-pronates.

Generally, the disclosed method of customizing an article of footwearmay include providing a user/customer with an article of footwear. Forexample, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the method may includea step 204, which is a step of providing the first article of footwearto a customer. As shown in FIG. 3, in some embodiments, step 204 mayinclude selling first article of footwear 304 (e.g., inside a box) tocustomer 302 and placing the first article of footwear in the customer'spossession. In this example, the first article of footwear may be a pairof running shoes with a midsole having maximum firmness.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a salesperson 306 may charge customer302 for the article of footwear 304 and hand the first article offootwear over to the customer. In another example, the customer mayorder the article of footwear from an Internet site, and the article offootwear may be shipped to the customer. In some embodiments, step 204may include providing the customer with the article of footwear free ofcharge.

Generally, the disclosed method of customizing an article of footwearmay include getting evaluation information about the stability of thearticle of footwear from a survey. For example, in some embodiments, asshown in FIG. 2, the method may include a step 208, which is a step ofreceiving a customer evaluation of heel stability of the first articleof footwear. In some embodiments, for example, as shown in FIG. 2,method/customization cycle 200 may include a step 206, which is a stepof providing an evaluation system to the customer, so that the customermay submit the customer evaluation. By specifically providing the userwith an evaluation system indicating the degree to which the customerlikes the stability of the current article of footwear, the feedback maybe used to modify the stability of the next article of footwear.

In some embodiments, the evaluation system may be provided by a papersurvey. In other embodiments, step 206 may include providing the userwith an evaluation system via a device, such as a mobile device (e.g.,smartphone) or a personal computer/computer tablet. For example, FIG. 5shows customer 302 receiving an evaluation system via a mobile device502. FIG. 5 additionally shows a screen of the customer evaluationsystem that the customer may use to rate the first article of footwear.It is understood that such information may also be provided in otherformats. For example, a paper survey may ask for the same information byproviding the same options, and having the customer circle an option. Inyet another example, a salesperson may verbally ask the customer forstability feedback, and the salesperson may input the feedback into acomputer system to be stored as part of the customer's purchase history.

In addition to showing a customer receiving the evaluation system via amobile device, FIG. 5 further shows an example screen of the way anevaluation system may look. It is understood that this screen is merelyan example, and that the information may be provided to the customer ina variety of different ways. The objective of the evaluation system isto provide a way for the customer to communicate his or her rating ofheel stability of the article of footwear. In some embodiments, forexample, in FIG. 5, the evaluation system may be used to communicate thecustomer's rating of the heel stability of the article of footwear. Theevaluation system may include a rating of stability (e.g., heelstability) of the sole structure that is based on multiple options ofratings. In this particular example, the user may select a heelstability rating from five options of stability ratings provided as ticmarks along a scroll bar 510. The scroll bar may show “just right” inthe middle, “rolling outwardly” to the far right, and “rolling inwardly”to the far left. The tic marks may indicate different points along thespectrum between these three ratings on the scroll bar. In someembodiments, evaluation system may include a title 512, indicating whichcharacteristic of the article of footwear is being reviewed by thecustomer. In some embodiments, a question 514 may help direct a customerin reviewing the article of footwear.

In other embodiments, the tic marks may be absent and the user mayselect any point along the scroll bar. In yet other embodiments, more orless options may be provided. For example, the rating/evaluation systemmay only offer the options of “just right,” “rolling inwardly,” and“rolling outwardly.” In another example, more options may be offered toindicate a lesser degree of rolling inwardly and/or rolling outwardly.

The tic mark at the far right of the scroll bar in FIG. 5 may correspondwith “rolling a lot outwardly,” while the tic mark between “just right”and tic mark on the far right of the scroll bar shown in FIG. 5 maycorrespond with “rolling a little outwardly.” The tic mark at the farleft of the scroll bar in FIG. 5 may correspond with “rolling a lotinwardly,” while the tic mark between “just right” and the tic mark onthe far left of the scroll bar shown in FIG. 5 may correspond with“rolling a little inwardly.” In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5,the screen of the evaluation system may provide a selector 504, and thecustomer may move the selector to the customer's selected option. Insome embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the screen may confirm thecustomer's option by displaying the selected option in another area ofthe screen, such as a box 506. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5,the screen may offer a submit button 508. Accordingly, when using theembodiment shown in FIG. 5, the customer may do the following: move theselector to the selected option, verify the selected option by reviewingoption appearing in box, and press the submit button.

In other embodiments, the evaluation system may include a rating of 1 to5 with “1” being assigned as “rolling inwardly” and “5” being assignedas “perfect.” In yet another embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG.21, the general stability of the article of footwear may be evaluated bythe customer. In such an embodiment, a scroll bar 2110 may include“perfect” on the far left and “very unstable” on the far right, with ticmarks indicating varying degrees of stability in between these twoextreme options. Similar to the evaluation system shown in FIG. 5, theevaluation system of FIG. 21 may include a title 2112, a question 2114,and a submit button 2108. It is understood that the evaluation system inother embodiments may include some or all of the features shown in theembodiments of FIGS. 5 and 21. It is also understood that the evaluationsystem in other embodiments may include other features instead of or inaddition to the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 21.

As mentioned above, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the methodmay include a step 208, which is a step of receiving a customerevaluation of heel stability of the first article of footwear. In someembodiments, the customer may test the article of footwear. For example,as shown in FIG. 4, customer 302 may wear article of footwear 304 duringa certain activity, such as running. In another example, the activitymay be walking and/or playing a sport. After testing the article offootwear one or more times, the customer may provide a heel evaluationof the article of footwear. For example, in some embodiments, thecustomer may wear the article of footwear only once before filling outan evaluation of the article of footwear. In another example, in someembodiments, the customer may wear the article of footwear daily overthe course of 2 weeks. In yet another example, in some embodiments, thecustomer may wear the article of footwear periodically over the courseof 6 months. After the 6 months passes, the customer may be ready topurchase a new article of footwear, and may then fill out an evaluationof the article of footwear.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, the customer feels that her heels (e.g.,right heel 416) are rolling inwardly as she runs. As a result, midsole408 compresses more on a medial side 414 of a heel region of the midsolethan a lateral side 412 of the heel region. Because customer 302 feelsthat her heels are rolling inwardly a lot, she selects the highestdegree of “rolling inwardly” on the scroll bar of the evaluation in FIG.5. To select this option, customer 302 moves selector 504 to the ticmark that is positioned on the far left of scroll bar 510. Box 506 maydisplay that “rolling inwardly a lot” has been selected to allow thecustomer to verify which option has been selected. The customer mayselect the “submit” button to submit the evaluation to the entity (e.g.,a footwear company) performing the method of customizing an article offootwear. Pressing the submit button may cause the customer's evaluationto be sent from mobile device 502 to a server 602 through a network 600(see FIG. 6). The details of communication between the mobile device andother equipment are discussed in more detail below. The information fromthe customer's evaluation may be stored in a database 604 (see FIG. 6).The next time the customer purchases an article of footwear, theinformation from the customer's evaluation information may be retrievedfrom database 604. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a factory worker 700may retrieve the customer's evaluation information, which is shown on ascreen of a monitor 702.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a configuration of communicationequipment.

Server 602 may communicate with mobile device 502 over network 600.Server 602 may provide information to, and/or receive information from,mobile device 502. In some embodiments, for example, evaluationinformation, such as a customer-selected evaluation, may be transmittedby mobile device 502 to server 602 over network 600. Upon receiving theevaluation information, server 602 may store some or all of theinformation in database 604. In particular, the evaluation informationcould be stored in one or more tables associated with a particular setof customer identification information. Furthermore, a manufacturer mayaccess information in database 604, such as evaluation information, whenpreparing to manufacture a new article of footwear for a customer thathas provided the evaluation information and placed an order for a newpair of footwear.

Both server 602 and mobile device 502 may be considered more broadly asgeneral “computing systems.” Generally, the term “computing system”refers to the computing resources of a single computer, a portion of thecomputing resources of a single computer, and/or two or more computersin communication with one another. Any of these resources can beoperated by one or more human users. In some embodiments, a computingsystem may include one or more servers. Computing systems may include amicroprocessor, RAM, ROM, and software. Both current and electronicallystored signals may be processed by a central processing unit (CPU) inaccordance with software stored in an electronic memory, such as ROM. Acomputing system can also include one or more storage devices including,but not limited to, magnetic, optical, magneto-optical, and/or memory,including volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

Network 600 may include any wired or wireless provisions that facilitatethe exchange of information between mobile device 502 and server 602. Insome embodiments, network 600 may further include various componentssuch as network interface controllers, repeaters, hubs, bridges,switches, routers, modems, and firewalls. In some cases, network 600 maybe a wireless network that facilitates wireless communication betweentwo or more systems, devices, and/or components of a customizationsystem. Examples of wireless networks include, but are not limited to,wireless personal area networks (including, for example, Bluetooth),wireless local area networks (including networks utilizing the IEEE802.11 WLAN standards), wireless mesh networks, mobile device networksas well as other kinds of wireless networks. In other cases, network 600could be a wired network including networks whose signals arefacilitated by twister pair wires, coaxial cables, and optical fibers.In still other cases, a combination of wired and wireless networksand/or connections could be used.

Generally, the disclosed method of customizing an article of footwearmay include modifying the next article of footwear provided to theuser/customer according to the customer's evaluation information. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 2, the method may include a step 214, which isa step of adjusting a second sole structure of a second article offootwear to have a second heel stiffness profile. The second article offootwear may have a toe region, a heel region opposite the toe region,and a midfoot region disposed between the toe region and the heelregion. The second article of footwear may also have a lateral side anda medial side opposite the lateral side. In some embodiments, as shownin FIG. 2, the method may include a step 210, which is a step ofmanufacturing a second article of footwear having a second solestructure. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the method mayinclude a step 212, which is a step of using the first customerevaluation of heel stability to determine a second heel stiffnessprofile for the second sole structure. In some embodiments, the secondheel stiffness profile may be different from the first heel stiffnessprofile. For example, in the exemplary embodiment discussed with respectto the drawings, the first heel stiffness profile may be maximumfirmness and the second heel stiffness profile may be maximum lateralcushioning. In other embodiments, the first heel stiffness profile maybe the same as the second heel stiffness profile.

Step 210 of manufacturing a second article of footwear having a secondsole structure may include providing a midsole. For example, the midsolemay be provided by being made or purchased. In some embodiments, asshown in FIG. 7, a plurality of midsoles may be made (e.g., by themanufacturer of the second article of footwear or a third party) andstored in a bin 706. For example, bin 706 may store a plurality ofmidsoles 708. In such embodiments, a midsole may be selected from thebin and may be incorporated into the second article of footwear. In theexample shown in FIG. 7, bin 706 may store a plurality of midsoles 708having the features of having maximum firmness and fitting a size 10running shoe. In other embodiments, the stored midsoles may havedifferent features.

The midsole for the second article of footwear may be a midsole havingmaximum firmness. Such a midsole may be a solid block of material. FIG.8 shows an example of a midsole having maximum firmness.

In some embodiments, step 210 may include assembling pre-made parts ofan article of footwear to make the article of footwear. For example, amidsole, upper, and outsole may be taken from a shelf inside a factoryand assembled to form an article of footwear. In other embodiments, step210 may further include making the parts of an article of footwear andthen assembling the parts to form an article of footwear.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the method may include a step212, which is a step of using the first customer evaluation of heelstability to determine a second heel stiffness profile for the secondsole structure. FIG. 7 illustrates factory worker 700 viewing thecustomer's information on the screen of monitor 702. A zoomed in view704 of the screen of monitor 702 shows an example of customerinformation from an evaluation. The customer information may include thecustomer ID, current heel (which is the heel of the shoe the customer isreviewing), heel evaluation, and recommended heel (which is the heelrecommended in response to the customer's review).

Referring to the example of FIG. 7, because the customer selected“rolling inwardly a lot,” the second article of footwear may be modifiedto address this issue. For example, the heel stiffness profile selectedfor the second article of footwear may be a midsole having maximumlateral cushioning to compensate for the medial side of the customer'sheel compressing the midsole unevenly. By modifying the midsole tocompress more along the lateral side of the heel region than the medialside of the heel region, the midsole may compress more evenly beneaththe customer's heel. For example, as discussed in more detail below,FIG. 13 shows modified midsole 1104 compressing evenly beneath thecustomer's foot.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the method may include a step214, which is a step of adjusting the second sole structure of thesecond article of footwear to have the second heel stiffness profile.FIG. 7 shows the factory worker selecting a midsole from bin 706 ofmidsoles. Since the selected midsole 802 (shown in FIG. 8) is a solidblock of material, removing bits of material in certain regions maycause such regions to have a higher compressibility. It is understoodthat, in some embodiments, the midsole to be modified/adjusted for thesecond article of footwear may already have portions of material removedbefore being modified. For example, the step of adjusting the secondsole structure may include removing material from the second solestructure to form at least one aperture or groove to provide the secondheel stiffness profile. In some embodiments, to remove material from thesecond midsole, a drilling machine may be used. For example, FIG. 9shows factory worker 700 placing midsole 802 into a drilling machine900. FIG. 10 shows how drills 1002 may be used to drill apertures 1000and 1004 into one or more surfaces of midsole 802, and FIG. 11 shows amodified midsole 1104 resulting from the drilling process performed onmidsole 802. Modified midsole 1104 may include a lateral side 1114 and amedial side 1112 opposite lateral side 1114. Modified midsole 1104 mayadditionally include a toe region 1108 and a heel region 1110 oppositetoe region 1108. The example demonstrated in FIGS. 10-13 shows modifiedmidsole 1104 as having apertures 1000 disposed on an upper surface 1116of modified midsole 1104 in heel region 1110 and apertures 1004 disposedon a lateral sidewall in heel region 1110. It is understood that theapertures may be located in different areas of the sole structureinstead of or in addition to the lateral sidewall and the upper surfaceof the sole structure in other embodiments. For example, the aperturesmay be disposed on a lower surface of the midsole that is opposite theupper surface of the midsole. It is further understood that theapertures may have different shapes and sizes, as discussed with respectto FIGS. 15-26 below.

In some embodiments, a dremel tool or laser can be used to removematerial from a sole member in a manner that forms apertures or groovesin the sole member. For example, as shown in FIG. 26, lasers may be usedto form grooves in the outer surface of the sole member (modifiedmidsole 2204). In this example, a first laser 2650 and a second laser2652 may both be used to form a first groove 2220. First laser 2650 maybe angled in a first direction causing a first laser beam 2600 to cut asurface (e.g., sidewall) of sole member 2204 along a first wall ofgroove 2220. Second laser 2652 may be angled in a second directioncausing a second laser beam 2602 to cut the surface of sole member 2204along a second wall of first groove 2220. The first wall and the secondwall, as shown in the zoomed in cross-sectional view of FIG. 26, mayboth be flat and may be angled with respect to each other such thatfirst groove 2220 has a v-shaped cross-section. In other embodiments,one or more lasers may be used to form apertures or grooves having othershapes. For example, lasers may be used to make grooves having asquare-shaped cross-section.

FIG. 22 shows an alternative embodiment of modified midsole 2204,including an isometric view and a zoomed in cross-sectional view. FIG.23 shows a bottom view of the modified midsole of FIG. 22. FIG. 24 showsa lateral side view of the modified midsole of FIG. 22. FIG. 25 shows arear view of the modified midsole of FIG. 22. FIG. 26 shows laserscutting a groove into the modified midsole of FIG. 22. Modified midsole2204 may include a lateral side 2214 and a medial side 2212 oppositelateral side 2214. Modified midsole 2204 may additionally include a toeregion 2208, a heel region 2210 opposite toe region 2208, a top surface2216, and a bottom surface 2230 disposed opposite top surface 2216. Theexample demonstrated in FIGS. 22-26 shows that modified midsole 2204 mayhave a first groove 2220, a second groove 2224, a third groove 2226, anda fourth groove 2222 disposed on a lateral sidewall of modified midsole2204. First groove 2220 and fourth groove 2222 may also be disposed onbottom surface 2230 of modified midsole 2204 (FIG. 23). The exampledemonstrated in FIGS. 22-26 shows that first groove 2220, a secondgroove 2224, a third groove 2226, and a fourth groove 2222 may bedisposed in heel region 2210. It is understood that the grooves may belocated in different areas of the sole structure instead of or inaddition to the lateral sidewall and the bottom surface of the solestructure in other embodiments. For example, the grooves may be disposedon an upper surface of the midsole that is opposite the bottom surfaceof the midsole. It is further understood that the grooves may havedifferent shapes and sizes than the shapes and sizes shown in thedrawings, as discussed above. Additionally, the grooves may havedifferent shapes and sizes from each other. For example, a first groovemay have a v-shaped cross-section, while a second groove has an arcuatecross-section. In another example, as shown in FIG. 22, first groove2220 may have a depth x. Third groove 2226 may also have the same depthx. Yet, second groove 2224 and fourth groove 2222 may have differentdepths from first groove 2220 and each other. For example, second groove2224 may have a depth of 2× (twice the value of x). In another example,fourth groove 2222 may have a depth of 3× (three times the value of x).In some embodiments, the grooves may have a depth of up to five timesthe width of the groove. In some embodiments, the grooves may all havethe same depth as one another.

It is even further understood that a different number of grooves may beprovided on the midsole. For example, while the example demonstrated inFIGS. 22-26 shows four interconnected grooves, a modified midsole mayinclude a single groove. In another embodiment, a modified midsole mayinclude between two and 100 grooves. For example, a modified midsole mayinclude 10 grooves. The example demonstrated in FIGS. 22-26 shows thatfirst groove 2220, a second groove 2224, a third groove 2226, and afourth groove 2222 create a pattern of intersecting grooves. It isunderstood that other patterns of grooves may be included. For example,the grooves may form a pattern of concentric circles or pattern of wavylines.

In another embodiment, a hot knife process could be used for formingapertures in a sole member. Examples of methods for forming apertures ona sole member are disclosed in McDonald, U.S. Pat. No. 7,607,241, issuedOct. 27, 2009, titled “Article of Footwear with an Articulated SoleStructure,” (previously U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/869,604,filed Oct. 9, 2007), the entirety of which is hereby incorporated byreference. Examples of methods for forming apertures on a sole memberare disclosed in Kohatsu et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/722,758, filed May 27, 2015, titled “Article of Footwear Comprising aSole Member with Apertures,” the entirety of which is herebyincorporated by reference. In other embodiments, however, any other typeof cutting method can be used for forming apertures. Furthermore, insome cases, two or more different techniques can be used for formingapertures. As an example, in another embodiment, apertures disposed on aside surface of a sole member can be formed using laser cutting, whileapertures on a lower surface of the sole member could be formed during amolding process. Still further, different types of techniques could beused according to the material used for a sole member. For example,laser cutting may be used in cases where the sole member is made of afoam material.

FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of a second article of footwearincorporating modified midsole 1104 customized in FIGS. 9-10. FIG. 12discloses an assembled view of the second article of footwear 1100 fromFIG. 11.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the method may include a step216, which is a step of providing the second article of footwear to thecustomer. Step 204 may include the same options as those discussed abovewith respect to step 204. For example, in some embodiments, step 204 mayinclude selling the second article of footwear to a customer in a store.In another example, as shown in FIG. 14, the customer may order thesecond article of footwear through the Internet, and the second articleof footwear may be delivered to the customer.

Method/customization cycle 200 may be repeated multiple times to honethe fit of the article of footwear for the customer. An example of sucha scenario is shown in the purchase history displayed in FIG. 1. FIG. 1shows purchase history for a customer purchasing three differentarticles of footwear. Repeating method/customization cycle 200 mayinclude repeating step 206 to provide the customer with the evaluationsystem. Once the customer receives the second article of footwear (FIG.14), the customer may test the second article of footwear and provide acustomer evaluation of the heel stability of the second article offootwear.

The customer's submission of the customer evaluation may cause step 208to be repeated with an evaluation of the second article of footwearinstead of the evaluation of the first article of footwear. In otherwords, a step of receiving the customer evaluation of the heel stabilityof the second article of footwear may be performed. This customerevaluation may be used to modify a third article of footwear having atoe region, a heel region opposite the toe region, a midfoot regionbetween the toe region and heel region, a lateral side, and a medialside opposite the lateral side. For example, if the customer evaluationstates that the second article of footwear rolls outwardly a little, itmay be apparent that the midsole of the second article of footwear wasmade to be too compressible. Accordingly, a third article of footwearmay be customized to have a midsole with medium lateral cushioning. Inother words, the midsole of the third article of footwear may bemodified in the same manner as discussed above with respect to thesecond article of footwear to have a lateral side of a heel region thatis less compressible than the same of the maximum lateral cushioningmidsole of the second article of footwear, but more compressible thanthe same of a maximum firmness midsole of the third article of footwear.The third article of footwear may be provided to the customer. As shownin FIG. 1, the third article of footwear having a midsole with mediumlateral cushioning is rated as having stability that is just right.

FIG. 15 shows a midsole 1500 according to another embodiment. Midsole1500 may include apertures 1502 disposed along a sidewall 1504 of alateral side 1514 of a heel region 1506. As shown in a zoomed incross-sectional view in FIG. 15, apertures 1502 may be cylindricalapertures.

FIG. 16 shows a midsole 1600 according to another embodiment. Midsole1600 may include apertures, including a first aperture type 1602 and asecond aperture type 1616, disposed along an upper surface 1604 of alateral side 1614 of a heel region 1606. As shown in a zoomed incross-sectional view in FIG. 16, apertures 1602 may be cylindricalapertures. FIG. 16 exemplifies how apertures may be uniform in shape andsize. For example, first aperture type 1602 may be cylindrical, andsecond aperture type 1616 may have the same shape and size (i.e., depthand circumference) as first aperture type 1602. While FIG. 16 showscylindrical apertures, it is understood that the midsole may includeapertures having a uniform size and shape that is different from thesize and shape of the apertures shown in FIG. 16. For example, themidsole may include apertures that have the same shape as those shown inFIG. 16, but with a different depth. In another example, the midsole mayinclude apertures that each has the same conical shape as one another,as well as the same size as one another. While the FIGS. show theapertures as blind holes, it is understood that the apertures may bethrough holes extending from a first surface of a sole structure to asecond surface of the same.

FIG. 17 shows a midsole 1700 according to another embodiment. FIG. 20shows how midsole 1700 compresses in response to a force (indicated byarrows) applied by the wearer's medial side of his/her heel. Midsole1700 may include apertures, including a first aperture type 1702 and asecond aperture type 1704, disposed along an upper surface 1712 of alateral side 1710 of a heel region 1706. FIG. 17 exemplifies howapertures may include a variety of shapes/sizes. For example, as shownin the zoomed in cross-sectional view of FIG. 17, first aperture type1702 may be shallower than second aperture type 1704. Additionally,first aperture type 1702 may have a hemispherical shape, while secondaperture type 1704 may have a cylindrical shape. Other embodiments mayinclude other shapes/sizes of apertures. For example, in someembodiments, one or more apertures may have a conical shape.

FIGS. 18-20 show a comparison of how midsoles having differentcompressibility may respond to a force applied by the wearer's medialside of his/her heel. FIG. 18 shows a midsole 1800 having maximumfirmness responding to a force (indicated by arrows) applied by awearer's medial side of his/her heel. Midsole 1800 may compress theleast of the three exemplary midsoles shown in FIGS. 18-20. A thickness1802 of midsole 1800, in comparison with a thickness 1900 of compressedmidsole 1600, is thicker. In other words, midsole 1600 compresses morethan midsole 1800 in response to the same wearer.

FIG. 19 shows how midsole 1600 may compress in response to a force(indicated by arrows) applied by the wearer's medial side of his/herheel. FIG. 19 shows midsole 1600, which may compress the most of thethree midsoles. And FIG. 20 shows midsole 1700, which may compress lessthan midsole 1600 but more than midsole 1800. Such compression may becaused in midsole 1700 by the reduced number of longer, cylindricalapertures in comparison to midsole 1600. A thickness 1802 of midsole1800, in comparison with a thickness 2000 of compressed midsole 1700, isthicker. A thickness 2000 of midsole 1700, in comparison with athickness 1900 of compressed midsole 1600, is thicker.

While various embodiments of the invention have been described, thedescription is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting, and itwill be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many moreembodiments and implementations are possible that are within the scopeof the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be restrictedexcept in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also,various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of theattached claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of customizing an article of footwear,comprising: transmitting data to a computing system of a customer for:(a) generating an evaluation system for evaluating heel stability of afirst article of footwear having a first sole structure with a forefootregion, a heel region opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot regiondisposed between the forefoot region and the heel region, wherein thefirst article of footwear has a first heel stiffness profile, and (b)requesting input from the customer through the computing systemincluding a customer evaluation of heel stability of the first articleof footwear; receiving and storing the customer evaluation of the heelstability of the first article of footwear through the computing systemvia the evaluation system; receiving an order for a new pair of footwearfrom the customer; in response to receipt of the order, retrieving thecustomer evaluation of heel stability that was received and stored; inresponse to receipt of the order, manufacturing a second article offootwear having a second sole structure with a forefoot region, a heelregion opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot region disposedbetween the forefoot region and the heel region, wherein the step ofmanufacturing the second article of footwear includes adjusting at leastone layer of the second sole structure of the second article of footwearto have a second heel stiffness profile that is different from the firstheel stiffness profile, and wherein the second heel stiffness profilediffers from the first heel stiffness profile based on the retrievedcustomer evaluation of heel stability; and providing the second articleof footwear to the customer.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stepof adjusting at least one layer of the second sole structure includesremoving material from the second sole structure to form at least oneaperture to provide the second heel stiffness profile.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the step of removing material from the second solestructure includes drilling the at least one aperture into a surface ofthe second sole structure.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the step ofremoving material from the second sole structure includes using a laserto drill the at least one aperture into a surface of the second solestructure.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of removingmaterial from the second sole structure includes using a rotary tool todrill the at least one aperture into a surface of the second solestructure.
 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one apertureis a blind hole.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing systemis a customer's mobile computer device.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein the at least one layer of the second sole structure that isadjusted in the adjusting step is a midsole layer made from a foammaterial.
 9. A method of customizing an article of footwear, comprising:transmitting data to a computing system of a customer for: (a)generating an evaluation system for evaluating heel stability of a firstarticle of footwear having a first sole structure with a forefootregion, a heel region opposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot regiondisposed between the forefoot region and the heel region, wherein thefirst article of footwear has a first heel stiffness profile, and (b)requesting input from the customer through the computing systemincluding a customer evaluation of heel stability of the first articleof footwear; receiving and storing a first customer evaluation of heelstability of the first article of footwear via the evaluation system;receiving an order for a new pair of footwear from the customer; inresponse to receipt of the order, retrieving the first customerevaluation of heel stability that was received and stored; in responseto receipt of the order, manufacturing a second article of footwearhaving a second sole structure with a forefoot region, a heel regionopposite the forefoot region, and a midfoot region disposed between theforefoot region and the heel region, wherein the step of manufacturingthe second article of footwear includes adjusting the second solestructure of the second article of footwear to have a second heelstiffness that is different from the first heel stiffness profile, andwherein the second heel stiffness profile differs from the first heelstiffness profile based on the retrieved first customer evaluation; andproviding the second article of footwear to the customer.
 10. The methodof claim 9, wherein the step of adjusting the second sole structureincludes removing material from the second sole structure to create atleast one aperture to provide the second heel stiffness profile.
 11. Themethod of claim 9, wherein the evaluation system includes a rating ofheel stability that is based on multiple options of ratings.
 12. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising: receiving a second customerevaluation of heel stability of the second article of footwear;manufacturing a third article of footwear having a third sole structurewith a forefoot region, a heel region opposite the forefoot region, anda midfoot region disposed between the forefoot region and the heelregion; using the first and second customer evaluations of heelstability to determine a third heel stiffness profile for the third solestructure, wherein the third heel stiffness profile is different fromthe first heel stiffness profile and the second heel stiffness profile;adjusting the third sole structure of the third article of footwear tohave the third heel stiffness profile; and providing the third articleof footwear to the customer.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein thestep of removing material from the second sole structure includesremoving material from a lateral side of the heel region of the secondsole structure.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of removingmaterial from the second sole structure includes removing material froma lateral side of the heel region of the second sole structure to createat least one blind hole.
 15. The method of claim 9, wherein thecomputing system is a customer's smartphone.
 16. A method of customizingan article of footwear, comprising: transmitting data to a computingsystem of a customer for: (a) generating an evaluation system forevaluating heel stability of a first article of footwear having a firstsole structure with a forefoot region, a heel region opposite theforefoot region, and a midfoot region disposed between the forefootregion and the heel region, wherein the first article of footwear has afirst heel stiffness profile, and (b) requesting input from the customerthrough the computing system including a customer evaluation of heelstability of the first article of footwear; receiving and storing thecustomer evaluation of heel stability of the first article of footwearvia the evaluation system; receiving an order for a new pair of footwearfrom the customer; in response to receipt of the order, retrieving thecustomer evaluation of heel stability that was received and stored; inresponse to receipt of the order, manufacturing a second article offootwear having a second sole structure with a forefoot region, a heelregion opposite the forefoot region, a midfoot region disposed betweenthe forefoot region and the heel region, wherein the second solestructure has an outer surface with an upper surface, a lower surface,and a sidewall, wherein the step of manufacturing the second article offootwear includes removing material from the outer surface of the secondsole structure of the second article of footwear to produce a secondheel stiffness profile in the second article of footwear that isdifferent from the first heel stiffness profile, and wherein the secondheel stiffness profile differs from the first heel stiffness profilebased on the retrieved customer evaluation; and providing the secondarticle of footwear to the customer.
 17. The method of claim 16, whereinthe step of removing material from the outer surface of the second solestructure includes removing material from a lateral side of the heelregion of the second sole structure to create at least one aperture. 18.The method of claim 16, wherein the step of removing material from theouter surface of the second sole structure includes removing materialfrom the sidewall of the second sole structure to create at least oneaperture therein.
 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the step ofremoving material from the outer surface of the second sole structureincludes removing material from one of the upper surface and the lowersurface of the second sole structure to create at least one aperturetherein.
 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the computing system is acustomer's mobile computer device.